A latte is a coffee drink made with espresso and steamed milk, typically topped with a small layer of frothy milk foam. The word “latte” comes from the Italian term “caffè latte,” which means “milk coffee.” It’s traditionally served in larger cups and emphasizes the creaminess of the milk, unlike other espresso-based drinks, like cappuccinos or macchiatos, which prioritize foam or espresso intensity.

Lattes are often confused with similar espresso-based beverages, but key differences set them apart:

• Latte vs. Cappuccino: The primary difference between a latte and a cappuccino is the milk-to-foam ratio. A cappuccino has equal parts espresso, steamed milk, and foam, whereas a latte has more steamed milk and just a light layer of foam.

• Latte vs. Flat White: A flat white is similar to a latte but has less milk and typically no foam. Flat whites are usually smaller and more espresso-forward.

• Latte vs. Macchiato: A macchiato is essentially an espresso "marked" with a small amount of milk or foam. Being a much stronger, more concentrated coffee.

In the late 20th century, the latte became a staple in specialty coffee shops, particularly in the United States and Europe. As coffee culture expanded, so did the customizability of lattes. Today, it's common to find lattes flavoured with syrups, like vanilla, caramel, or hazelnut, and even alternative milk options like almond, oat, or soy milk.

1. Brew the Espresso: Start by pulling one or two shots of espresso using an espresso machine. If you don’t have one, you can use a strong coffee brewed with a moka pot or AeroPress.
2. Steam the Milk: Use a steam wand to heat and froth the milk until it reaches around 150°F (65°C). If you don’t have a steam wand, you can heat the milk in a microwave or on the stovetop and use a milk frother or whisk to create the foam.
3. Pour the Milk: Slowly pour the steamed milk into the espresso, holding back the foam with a spoon until the cup is almost full. Add the foam on top to finish.
4. Optional Add-Ons: Customize your latte by adding flavoured syrups or toppings like cinnamon or cocoa powder.

One of the most recognizable and celebrated aspects of a latte, particularly in specialty coffee shops, is latte art—the intricate designs created by skillfully pouring steamed milk into freshly brewed espresso. Latte art transforms a simple coffee drink into a visual experience, turning each cup into a canvas for creative expression.

The process begins with carefully steaming milk to achieve a fine microfoam, which is essential for crafting designs. The foam must be smooth, velvety, and filled with tiny bubbles, allowing it to blend seamlessly with the espresso. As the barista pours, they manipulate the flow and angle to form popular patterns such as hearts, rosettas (leaf-like shapes), and tulips.

The classic latte is incredibly versatile, with numerous variations to suit different tastes and dietary preferences. Here are some popular types:

• Flavoured Lattes: Many people enjoy adding syrups like vanilla, caramel, or hazelnut to enhance the flavour of their latte. These syrups blend well with the espresso and milk, creating a sweeter and more aromatic experience.

• Iced Latte: For a refreshing twist, an iced latte combines espresso with cold milk and ice, making it a popular summer drink. Some iced lattes are topped with whipped cream for an extra indulgent touch.

• Matcha Latte: Made with powdered green tea (matcha) instead of espresso, this version has a vibrant green colour and a more earthy flavour.

• Chai Latte: Instead of coffee, a chai latte uses spiced black tea, creating a warming, spiced alternative to the traditional latte.

• Alternative Milk Lattes: Many people opt for plant-based kinds of milk, such as almond, oat, or soy milk, to make dairy-free lattes.